HttpFcgi模块
这个模块允许Nginx 与FastCGI 进程交互，并通过传递参数来控制FastCGI 进程工作。
配置实例:
location / {
fastcgi_pass localhost:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /home/www/scripts/php$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length;
}
语法：
fastcgi_buffers
syntax: fastcgi_buffers the_number is_size;
default: fastcgi_buffers 8 4k/8k;
context: http, server, location
该指令集设置缓冲区的数量和大小，用于缓存从 FastCGI Server 接收到的数据。默认情况下，一个缓冲区的大小相当于一个页面的大小。根据平台的不同设置为4K/8K
fastcgi_buffer_size
syntax: fastcgi_buffer_size the_size
default: fastcgi_buffer_size 4k/8k
context: http, server, location
This directive sets the buffersize, into which will be read the first part of the response, obtained from the fastcgi server.
In this part of response the small response-header is located, as a rule.
By default, the buffersize is equal to the size of one buffer in directive fastcgi_buffers; however, it is possible to set it to less.
fastcgi_cache
syntax: fastcgi_cache zone;
default: none
context: http, server, location
设置缓存在共享内存中的名称. 一块区域可以被用于不用的地方.
fastcgi_cache_key
syntax: fastcgi_cache_key line ;
default: none
context: http, server, location
设置缓存的key, 例:
fastcgi_cache_key localhost: 9000 $ request_uri;
fastcgi_cache_methods
syntax: fastcgi_cache_methods [GET HEAD POST];
default: fastcgi_cache_methods GET HEAD;
context: main,http,location
GET/HEAD is syntax sugar, i.e. you can not disable GET/HEAD even if you set just
fastcgi_cache_methods POST;
fastcgi_cache_min_uses
syntax: fastcgi_cache_min_uses n
default: fastcgi_cache_min_uses 1
context: http, server, location
TODO: Description.
fastcgi_cache_path
syntax: fastcgi_cache_path /path/to/cache [levels=m:n keys_zone=name:time inactive=time clean_time=time]
default: none
context: http, server, location
TODO: Description.
fastcgi_cache_use_stale
syntax: fastcgi_cache_use_stale [updating|error|timeout|invalid_header|http_500]
default: fastcgi_cache_use_stale off;
context: http, server, location
TODO: Description.
fastcgi_cache_valid
syntax: fastcgi_cache_valid [http_error_code|time]
default: none
context: http, server, location
TODO: Description.
fastcgi_index
syntax: fastcgi_index file
default: none
context: http, server, location
The name of the file which will be appended to the URI and stored in the variable $fastcgi_script_name if URI concludes with a slash.
fastcgi_hide_header
syntax: fastcgi_hide_header name
context: http, server, location
默认情况下Nginx 不会从FastCGI 进程里给客户端发送"Status" 和"X-Accel-..." 消息头。这个指令可以用来掩饰别的headers 。
如果需要"Status" 和"X-Accel-..." 消息头，那就需要使用这个指令让FastCGI 强制发送消息头给客户端。
fastcgi_ignore_client_abort
syntax: fastcgi_ignore_client_abort on|off
default: fastcgi_ignore_client_abort off
context: http, server, location
这个指令用来决定忽略用户取消的请求。
fastcgi_intercept_errors
syntax: fastcgi_intercept_errors on|off
default: fastcgi_intercept_errors off
context: http, server, location
这个指令用来决定是否要把客户端转向4xx和5xx错误页，或允许Nginx自动指定错误页页。
注意：你需要在此明确错误页,它才是有用的。Igor 曾说：“如果没有定制的处理机制，Nginx不会拦截一个没有缺省页的错误。Nginx 只会拦截一些小的错误，放过其他一些。
fastcgi_param
syntax: fastcgi_param parameter value
default: none
context: http, server, location
该指令指定的参数,将被传递给FastCGI-server。
它可能使用字符串、变量及其它们的组合来作为参数值。如果不在此制定参数，它就会继承外层设置；如果在此设置了参数，将清除外层相关设置，仅启用本层设置。
下面是一个例子,对于PHP来说的最精简的必要参数：
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /home/www/scripts/php$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string;
参数SCRIPT_FILENAME 是PHP 用来确定执行脚本的名字，而参数QUERY_STRING 是它的一个子参数。
如果要处理POST,那么这三个附加参数是必要的：
fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length;
如果PHP 在编译时使用了--enable-force-cgi-redirect选项，设置参数REDIRECT_STATUS 的值为200就是必须的了。
fastcgi_param REDIRECT_STATUS 200;